Penelitian Khasiat Ashitaba

Pulau Hachijo, Jepang; Asal Ashitaba

Ashitaba (seledri Jepang) adalah tanaman/sayuran hijau berasal dari Pulau Hachijo, Jepang yang dikenal sebagai rajanya sayuran, disebut juga tanaman “Malaikat” karena banyaknya manfaat sebagai obat dari beberapa penyakit berbahaya. Ashitaba dikenal juga sebagai “Harta Karun” dan “Raja Sayur Mayur”. Menurut sejarah orang Jepang Ashitaba merupakan tanaman untuk panjang umur yang dulu dicari-cari oleh kaisar pertama Cina dari Dinasti Chin. Pada masa-masa jaman edo, Hachi Jo Islan Ashitaba juga dikenal sebagai jamu-jamuan Umur Panjang. Karena daya hidupnya yang kuat, bila dipetik daunnya hari ini maka daun muda yang baru akan bertunas esok harinya, itulah sebabnya ia dijuluki tomorrow leaf

Di Indonesia, Ashitaba bisa tumbuh di daerah puncak atau yang berhawa dingin seperti di gunung Rinjani Lombok, Gunung Raung Banyuwangi Jawa Timur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dr. Okuyama dari Tokyo Meiji University of Pharmacy, ashitaba dapat mengobati :

a. penyakit hati,

b. kanker paru

c. kanker kulit.

d. glukoma,mata minus plus dan katarak

Hasil Penelitian Ilmiah Tentang Kandungan, Khasiat dan Manfaat Ashitaba Herbal

Berbagai riset ilmiah berhasil mengungkapkan tentang bermacam-macam keunggulan Ashitaba sebagai Herbal/Tanaman Obat (TO). Dalam salah satu abstrak penelitian misalnya, secara terang-terangan dinyatakan bahwa Ashitaba telah terbukti menunjukkan kemampuannya sebagai Antitumor, Antioksidan, Antidiabetes, dan daun segar serta bubuknya berguna sebagai makanan kesehatan (Angelica Keiskei has been shown to exhibit antitumor, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities, and fresh leaves and dry powder are used for health food) (Lee HJ, Choi TW, Kim HJ, Nam D, Lee EH, Lee HJ, Shin EM, Jang HJ, Ahn KS, Shim BS, Choi SH, Sethi G, Ahn KS, 2010).

Selain itu, tidak sedikit penelitian ilmiah yang berhasil menemukan bukti yang meyakinkan bahwa Ashitaba juga berfungsi untuk Antihipertensi dan Antistroke serta Antiinflamasi, bahkan Antibakteri. Semua keunggulan tersebut merupakan fakta-fakta ilmiah bahwa Ashitaba mempunyai kemampuan Antiaging yang sangat tinggi.

Ashitaba Antikanker

Riset ilmiah yang memperkuat bahwa Ashitaba bersifat Antikankeradalah sebagai berikut:

1. Toshihiro Akihisa, Takashi Kikuchi, Hisashi Nagai, Koichi Ishii, Keiichi Tabata and Takashi Suzuki,“4- Hydroxyderricin fromAngelica keiskei Roots Induces Caspase-dependent Apoptotic Cell Death in HL60 Human Leukemia Cells”, Journal of Oleo Science,College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Vol. 60 2011, No. 2 71-77.
   Kesimpulan: 4-Hydroxyderricin may therefore hold promise as an effective antitumor agent.
2. Shinsaku Takaoka, Hiroshige hibasami, Kazuya Ogasawara & Nami Imai, “Chalcones from Angelica Keiskei Induce Apotosis in stomach Cancer Cells”, Journal of herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plantss, Vol. 14, 2008.
   Kesimpulan: These findings suggest that growth inhibition by xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin result from the induction of apoptosis by these Chalcones.
3. DR. Shoji Shibata, “Antitumorgenic Chalcones”, Shibata Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Material, Minophagen Pharmaceutical, Tokyo Japan, 2010.
   Kesimpulan: It is possible that this compound and other structurally related Chalcones may be developed as effective agents for cancer prevention.
4. Tabata K, Motani K, Takayanagi N, Nishimura R, Asami S, Kimura Y, Ukiya M, Hasegawa D, Akihisa T, Suzuki T., “Xanthoangelol, a major Chalcone constituent of Angelica keiskei, induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma and leukemia cells.”, Biology & Pharmacy Bulletin, Clinical Pharmacy Center, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba Japan, No. 8, 2005;1404-7.
   Kesimpulan: Therefore, xanthoangelol may be applicable as an effective drug for treatment of neuroblastoma and leukemia.
5. Kimura Y, Taniguchi M, Baba K, “Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of 4-hydroxyderricin isolated from Angelica keiskei roots”, Journal of Planta Med.ica, Second Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan, 2004 Mar;70(3):211-9.
   Kesimpulan: These results suggest that the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of 4-hydroxyderricin may be modulated by the immune system and the inhibition of angiogenesis.
6. Saydam G, Aydin HH, Sahin F, Kucukoglu O, Erciyas E, Terzioglu E, Byukkececi F, Omary B,“Cytotoxic and inhibitory effects of 4, 4’-dihydroxy Chalcone (RVC-588) on proliferation of human leukimic HL-60 cells”, Journal of Leukimia Research, Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, 2003, Jan;27(1):57-64.
7. Aoki N, Muko M, Otha E, Otha S, C-geranylated Chalcones from the stems of Angelica keiskei with superoxide-scavenging activity, Journal of Natural Products. Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan 2008 Jul;71(7):1308-10.
8. Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Ukiya M, Iizuka M, Schneider S, Ogasawara K, Mukainaka T, Iwatsuki K, Suzuki T, Nishino H, “Chalcones, coumarins, and flavanones from the exudate of Angelica keiskei and their chemopreventive effects”, Cancer Letters, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 2003 Nov 25;201(2):133-7.
9. Nishimura R, Tabata K, Arakwa M, Ito Y, Kimura Y, Akihisa T, Nagai H, Sakuma A, Kohno H, Suzuki T, “IsobavaChalcone, a Chalcone constituent of Angelica keiskei, induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma”, Biology & Pharmacy Bulletin, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan., 2007 Oct;30(10):1878-83.
   Kesimpulan: These results suggest that isobavaChalcone induces apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma via the mitochondrial pathway and has no cytotoxicity against normal cells. Therefore, isobavaChalcone may be applicable as an efficacious and safe drug for the treatment of neuroblastoma.
10. Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Hasegawa D, Ukiya M, Kimura Y, Enjo F, Suzuki T, Nishino H,“Chalcones and other compounds from the exudates of Angelica keiskei and their cancer chemopreventive effects.” Jounal of Natural Products, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Kanda Surugadai, Tokyo, 2006 Jan;69(1):38-42.
    Kesimpulan: Further, isobavaChalcone (4) exhibited inhibitory effects on skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter.
11. Aoki N, Muko M, Ohta E, Ohta S, “C-geranylated Chalcones from the stems of Angelica keiskei with superoxide-scavenging activity”, Journal of Natural Products, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan, No.7 July 2008.
12. Okuyama T, Takata M, Takayasu J, Hasegawa T, Tokuda H, Nishino A, Nishino H, Iwashima A, “Antitumor-promotion by principles obtained from Angelica keiskei”, Journal of Planta Medica, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan 1991 Jun;57(3):242-6.
    Kesimpulan: These Chalcones may be useful to develop the effective method for cancer prevention.
13. Motani K, Tabata K, Kimura Y, Okano S, Shibata Y, Nagai H, Akihisa T & Suzuki T,“Proteomic analysis of apoptosis induced by xanthoangelol, a major constituent of Angelica keiskei, in neuroblastoma,” Biology and Pharmacy Bulletin, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan., 2008, April 31 (4):618-26.
    Kesimpulan: These findings suggest that xanthoangelol induces apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species and targeting DJ-1, and such mechanism may be an effective therapeutic approach for advanced neuroblastoma.
14. Ewelina Sziliszka, Zenon P Czuba, Bogdan Mazur, Lukaz Sedek, Andrzej Paradysz and Wojciech Krol, “Chalcones Enhance TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells”, International Journal of Molecular Science, Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Swtzerland, 2010.
15. Quentin J, Desrivot J, Thoret S, Le Menez P, Cresteil T, Lewin G, “Synthesis and biological evaluation of series tangeretin derived Chalcone”, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Faculte de pharmacie, Univ. Paris, 2009.
16. Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M, Baba K, “AntiTumor actions of major component 3-O-acetylhamadoul of Angelica japonica roots through dual actions, ant-angiogenesis and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte activation”, Cancer Letters, Divisison of Biochemical Pharmacology, Departement of Basic Medical Research Craduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan, Jun.8, 2008.
17. Ducki, Forrest R, Hadfield JA, Kendall A, Lawrence NJ, McGown AT, Rennison D, “Potent antimitotic and cell growth inhibitory properties of substituted Chalcones”, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK, 1998: May 5; 8 (9):1051-6.
18. Makita H, Tanaka T, Fujitsuka H, Tatematsu N, Satoh K, Hara A, Mori H, “Chemoprevention of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced rat oral carcinogenesis by the dietary flavonoids Chalcone, 2-hydroxyChalcone, and quercetin”, Cancer Research, Gifu Univ. School of Medicine, Japan, 1996, Nov.1; 56(21):4904-9.
19. Okuyama T, Takata M, Nishino H, Nishino A, Takayasu J, Iwashima A, “Studies on the antitumor-promoting activity of naturally occurring substances. II. Inhibition of tumor-promoter-enhanced phospholipid metabolism by umbelliferous materials”, Chemistry and Pharmacy Bullettin, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, 1990, April; 38 (4): 1084-6.
20. Hata K, Kozawa M, “Pharmacognostical Studies on Umbelliferious plants. XVIII. On the constituents of the roots of Angelica Keiskei Koidzumi”, Yakugaku Zasshi, 1961, Nov.81.
21. Kozawa M, Morita N, Baba K, Hata K., “Chemical components of roots Angelica koidzumi. III. The structure of a new dihydrofurocoumarin”, Yakugaku Zasshi, 1978.
22. Lawrence NJ, Rennison D, McGrown AT, Ducki S, Gul LA, Hadfield JA, Khan N, “Linked parallel synthesis and MTT bioassay screening of substituted Chalcones”, Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Univ. Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK, 2001, Sep-Oct;3(5):421-6.
23. Nakatami N, Ichimaru M, Moriyasu M, Kato A, “Induction of apoptosis in human promylocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 by C-benzylated dihydroChalcones, uvaretin, isouvaretin and diuvaretin”, Biology and Pharmacy Bulletin, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan, 2005, Jan;28(1):83-6.
24. De Vicenzo R, Scambia G, Benedetti Panici P, Ranelletti FO, Bonanno G, Ercoli A, Delle Monache F, Ferrari F, Piantelli M, Mancuso S, “Effect of synthetic and naturally occurring Chalcones on ovarian cancer cell growth: structure-activity relationships”, Journal of Anticancer Drug Research, Department of Gynecology, Centro Chimica dei Recettori C.N.R, Rome, Italy, 1995 Sep; 10(6):481-90.  Kesimpulan: Our data indicate that Chalcones could be considered as potential new anticancer drugs.

Ashitaba  Antidiabetes

Penelitian ilmiah yang memperkuat bahwa Ashitaba kaya insulin yang dibutuhkan bagi penderita penyakit diabetes adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Enoki T, Ohnogi H, Nagamine K, Kudo Y, Sugiyama K, Tanabe M, Kobayashi E, Sagawa H, Kato I., “Antidiabetic activities of Chalcones isolated from a Japanese Herb, Angelica keiskei.”, Journal of Agriculture, Food and Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Takara Bio Inc, 2007.
   Kesimpulan: The 4-HD (Chalcones of 4-hydroxyderricin) especially showed the preventive effects on the progression of diabetes in genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice.
2. Enoki T; Ohnogi H; Nagamine K, “Antidiabetic activities of Chalcones isolated from a japanese herb, Angelica keiskei”, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2007.
   Kesimpulan: “Ashitaba”, Angelica keiskei, contained two major Chalcones of 4-hydroxyderricin (4-HD) and xanthoangelol that showed strong insulin-like activities via a pathway independent of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y activation”.
3. Kawabata K, Sawada K, Ikeda K, Fukuda I, Kawasaki K, Yamamoto N, Ashida H., “Prenylated Chalcones 4-hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol stimulate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by inducing GLUT4 translocation”, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2011.
   Kesimpulan: Ashitaba is a promising functional food for the maintenance of the blood glucose level by inducing skeletal muscle-associated glucose uptake.

Ashitaba Antihipertensi & Antistroke

Fakta-fakta ilmiah yang berhasil digali melalui riset-riset ilmiah berikut menunjukkan bahwa Ashitaba benar-benar memiliki kemampuan Antihipertensi dan Antistroke.

1. Ogawa H, Ohmo M, Baba K, “Hypotensive and lipid regulatory actions of 4-hydroyderricin, a Chalcone from Angelica keiskei, in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats”, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Hygiene, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan, 2005, Jan-Feb, 32 (1-2):19-23.
2. Nagata J, Morino T, Saito M, “Effects of dietary Angelica keiskei on serum and liver lipid profiles, and body fat accumulations in rats”, Journal of Nutrition Scientific Vitaminology, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 2007 Apr; 53(2):133-7.
3. Matsuura M, Kimura Y, Nakata K, Baba K, Okuda H, “Artery relaxation by Chalcones isolated from the roots of Angelica keiskei”, Journal of Planta Medica, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan, 2001, Apr;67(3):230-5.
4. Shimizu E, Hayashi A, Takanashi R, Aoyagi Y, Murakami T, Kimoto K, “Effects of Angiotension I-Converting Enzyme inhibitor from Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) on Blood Pressure of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats”, Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 1999, Vol. 45, No. 3, P. 375-383. Kesimpulan: In this study, we found that ACE inhibitor from Ashitaba contributed to the control of blood pressure.
5. Ogawa H, Nakamura R, Baba K, “Beneficial effect of laserpitin, a coumarin compound from Angelica keiskei, on lipid metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats”, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan, 2005 Dec;32 (12):1104-9.
6. Fujita T, Sakuma S, Sumiya T, Nishida H, Fujimoto Y, Baba K, Kozawa M, “The effects of xanthoangelol E on arachidonic acid metabolism in the gastric antral mucosa and platelet of the rabbit”, Journal of Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 1992 Aug:;77(2):227-40.
7. Chen Y, “Optimal conditions for identifying 80Br and 1281 in health food Angelica keiskei using rapid epithermal neutron activation”, Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotops, School of medical Iamaging Technique, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan, 2003 Apr;58(4):423-9.
8. Ogawa H, Nakashima S, Baba K, “Effects of dietary Angelica keiskei on lipid metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats”, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Hygiene, kinki University School of Medicine, Japan, 2003 Apr;30(4):284-8.
9. Sugii M, Ohkita M, Taniguchi M, Baba K, Kawai Y, Tahara C, Takaoka M, Matsumura Y,“Xanthoangelol D isolated from the roots of Angelica keiskei inhibits endothelin-1 production through the suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB.”, Biology and Pharmacy Bulletin, Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Science, Japan, 2005 Apr;28(4):607-10.

Ashitaba Antiinflamasi & Antioksidan

Hasil penelitian para ahli berikut menunjukkan bahwa Ashitaba juga bermanfaat sebagaiAntiinflamasi dan Antioksidan:

1. Lee HJ, Choi TW, Kim HJ, Nam D, Lee EH, Lee HJ, Shin EM, Jang HJ, Ahn KS, Shim BS, Choi SH, Sethi G, Ahn KS, “Antiinflammatory activity of Angelica keiskei through suppression of mitogen activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathways, “Journal of Medicinal Food, 2010 Jun;13(3):691-9. Source: Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
2. Park PH, Kim HS, Jin XY, Jin F, Hur J, Ko G, Sohn DH, “KB-34, a newly synthesized Chalcone derivative, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages via heme oxygenase-1 induction and blockade of activator protein-1”, European Journal of Pharmacology, 2009 Mar 15;606 (1-3): 215-24. Source: College of Pharmacy, Medicinal Resources Institute and Research Institute and Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Wonkwang University, South Korea.
3. Bandgar BP, Gawande SS, “Synthesis and biological screening of combinatorial library of beta-chlorovinyl Chalcones as anticancer, Antiinflammatory and antimicrobial agents”, Journal of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2010 Mar 1; 8(5):2060-5. Source: Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University, India.
4. Murakami S, Kijima H, Isobe Y, Muramatsu M, Aihara H, Otomo S, Baba K, Kozawa M,“Inhibition of gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase by Chalcone derivatives, xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin, from Angelica keiskei koidzumi”, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Research Center, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Saitama, Japan, 1990, Oct;42(10):723-6.
5. Park JC, Park JG, Kim HJ, Hur JM, Lee JH, Sung NJ, Chung SK, Choi JW, “Effects of extract from Angelica keiskei and its component, cynaroside, on the hepatic bromobenzene-metabolizing enzyme system in rats,” Journal of Phytotherapy Research, Department of Orienral Medicine Resources, Sunchon National University, Republic of Korea, 2002, Mar;16 Suppl.1:S24-7.

Berdasarkan data dari berbagai hasil penelitian ilmiah, terlihat jelas bahwa Tanaman Obat Ashitaba mempunyai kemampuan Antikanker, Antidiabetes (tanaman insulin), Antihipertensi, Antistroke, Antiinflamasi, Antioksidan, dan Antiaging. Semua kemampuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Ashitaba sangat bermanfaat untuk dipergunakan dalam upaya turut membantu pencegahan dan penyembuhan penyakit-penyakit degeneratif.